ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations in adolescences.Methods Totally 90 healthy adolescences were included in the study.Measurements of 24-hour IOP were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometer on 5:00 am,7:00 am,10 ∶ 00 am,2:00 pm,6:00 pm and 10:00 pm.BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg · m-2).The patients were divided into three groups according to BMI,and they were Group 1 (BMI ＜ 25 kg · m-2),Group 2 (25 ≤ BMI ＜ 30kg · m-2),Group 3 (BMI ≥ 30 kg · m-2).Data were analyzed by statistic software SPSS 22.0.Results The mean of IOP,peak IOP,valley IOP and fluctuation value of IOP were (16.72 ±3.30)mmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg),(19.26 ±3.68)mmHg,(14.29 ±3.26)mmHg and (4.98 ± 1.91)mmHg,respectively.And there was no significant differences in the fluctuation value of IOP among the three groups (all P ＞ 0.05);the differences in mean IOP,peak IOP,valley IOP between group 1 and group 3 were significant (all P ＜0.05).However,the differences between group 1 and group 2,group 2 and group 3 showed no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that BMI was positively correlated with mean IOP and peak IOP (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the adolescent population,individuals with higher BMI tend to have higher mean IOP and peak IOP.
ABSTRACT
Objective To provide a basis to satisfy the need for family planning of women of reproductive age,according to the analysis and estimation of family planning status of married or in union women of reproductive age among China,Japan,India,South Africa and the United States of America.Methods U test and Chi-square test were applied to analyze the current situation (1970-2016) and tendency (2017-2030) of family planning indicators of the five countries from 1970 to 2030,which were selected from open database of World Contraceptive Use 2016.Results Compared with the family planning status in 1970,there was a significant change in total demand for family planning,contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning (P＜0.001).To be specific,in 2016,contraceptive prevalence of married or in-union women of reproductive age in China,Japan,India,South Africa and the United States of America was 83.35％,59.9％,56.4％,64.9％ and 73.7％,respectively;unmet need for family planning was 3.8％,13.1％,15.5％,12.2％ and 7.2％,respectively.Besides,contraceptive methods composition in the five countries were changed in 2016 (P＜0.001) and the prevalence of modern methods was higher than traditional methods.Meanwhile,the percentage of demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods were increasing from 1970 to 2016.On the other hand,the projections of total demand for family planning,contraceptive prevalence,unmet need for family planning,composition of contraceptive methods and unmet need for modern methods would change from 2017 to 2030 (P＜0.001).It was estimated that,in 2030,China would have the largest number of people using contraceptive methods and India would have the largest number of people with unmet need for family planning.Moreover,China and India might be the countries with most users of modern methods,and India might be associated with the most users of traditional methods.Conclusions Considering current and projected status of huge total demand for family planning,high contraceptive prevalence,low unmet need for family planning,it is essential to supply approximate contraceptive methods.
ABSTRACT
The Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) graphene ( PEDOT-rGO) composite film was prepared by one step pulse potentiostatic method, based on the π-π* interaction and the polymerization reaction of hydrogen bond between the graphene ( rGO) and the aromatic ring of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene ( EDOT) monomer. Then the nickel nanoparticles ( NiNPs ) were electrodeposited on composite film to obtain a composite film-modified glassy carbon electrode ( NiNPs/PEDOT-rGO/GCE ) . The catalytic performance of NiNPs/PEDOT-rGO/GCE towards the oxidation of glucose was studied by electrochemical method. The experimental results showed that the NiNPs/PEDOT-rGO/GCE could be used as a nonenzyematic sensor for detection of glucose. This method had high stability, good selectivity, wide linear range ( 2 μmol/L-58 mmol/L) and low detection limit (0. 7 μmol/L), realizing the rapid and sensitive detection of glucose.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the impact of depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on in vivo activity of six kinds of CYP450 isoforms in rats. According to 'Katz' method, the model of CUMS was established. Tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, theophylline, midazolam, omeprazole and dextromethorphan were chosen as probe substrates of CYP2C6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP3A2, CYP2D1 and CYP2D2 of rats. Plasma concentration of six kinds of CYP450 in control group and model group were determined by LC-MS/MS and computed pharmacokinetic parameters. Consequently, metabolism of theophylline and chlorzoxazone accelerated significantly (P < 0.01), but tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, omeprazole and midazolam had no significant difference. The present study proved that depression caused by CUMS had strong induction to CYP1A2 and medium induction to CYP2E1.
ABSTRACT
Aim To establish a LC-MS/MS method for determination of 5-HT, NE, DA and observe the con-centration of 5-HT, NE, DA in rat plasma of CUMS. Methods Twenty-two male SD rats were divided into control group and model group. Model group was given 9 kinds chronic unpredictable mild stimulating factors every day. 21 days later, behavior and orbital blood were measured before and after modeling. Using benzo-yl chloride as a pre-column derivatization reagent, three analytes and IS were derivatized before LC-MS/MS detection. Change in three kinds of neurotransmit-ter concentration was measured in rat plasma before and after modeling. Results After modeling, com-pared with control group, the weight of rats in model group was declined significantly ( P<0. 05 ) . Horizon-tal scores, vertical scores and sugar consumption were declined significantly ( P <0. 01 ) . Calibration curves of 5-HT, NE, DA were linear between 1. 47 ~752, 1. 75 ~898 , 2. 05 ~1 053 μg · L-1 and LOQ were 1. 47, 1. 75, 2. 046μg·L-1 ,respectively. The recov-ery of 5-HT, NE, DA from plasma was over than 70%, and RSD of inter-day and intra-day assay was limited in 15%. Compared with control group, the con-centration of 5-HT, NE, DA in rat plasma of model group was declined to ( 3. 99 ± 1. 21 ) , ( 6. 24 ± 1. 94), (6. 07 ± 1. 98) μg·L-1(P <0. 01). Con-clusion After making CUMS model of depression, three kinds of neurotransmitters in rat plasma are de-creased.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the impact of depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on in vivo activity of six kinds of CYP450 isoforms in rats. According to 'Katz' method, the model of CUMS was established. Tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, theophylline, midazolam, omeprazole and dextromethorphan were chosen as probe substrates of CYP2C6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP3A2, CYP2D1 and CYP2D2 of rats. Plasma concentration of six kinds of CYP450 in control group and model group were determined by LC-MS/MS and computed pharmacokinetic parameters. Consequently, metabolism of theophylline and chlorzoxazone accelerated significantly (P < 0.01), but tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, omeprazole and midazolam had no significant difference. The present study proved that depression caused by CUMS had strong induction to CYP1A2 and medium induction to CYP2E1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Chlorzoxazone , Metabolism , Chromatography, Liquid , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System , Metabolism , Depression , Dextromethorphan , Metabolism , Liver , Midazolam , Metabolism , Omeprazole , Metabolism , Stress, Physiological , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Theophylline , Metabolism , Tolbutamide , MetabolismABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the influence of sarpog-relate hydrochloride (SH)on the pharmacokinetic pro-file of dextromethorphan (DM),the typical substrate of CYP2D1 /2,in rats when they were administered co-instantaneously.Methods A total of 1 2 SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:the control group (DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 )and the sarpogrelate group (SH, 1 0 mg·kg-1 ;DM,1 0 mg·kg-1 ),which received in-tragastric administration.Plasma samples were collected immediately before and at different time points after drug administration.A LC-MS /MS method was used to determine the concentrations of DM in rat plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using Drug and Statistics (DAS 2.0).Results There were signif-icant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of DM,including T1 2 (2.49 h ±0.93 h vs 1 .47 h ±0.20 h,P <0.05 ),Cmax (325.7 μg·L -1 ±1 33.2 μg· L -1 vs 1 04.5μg·L -1 ±52.4 μg·L -1 ,P <0.05), AUC0 -t(785.5 μg·L -1 ·h ±451 .9 μg·L -1 ·h vs 244.8 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 68.3μg·L -1 ·h,P <0.05) and AUC0 -∞(804.7 μg·L -1 ·h ±445.6 μg·L -1 ·h vs 251 .4 μg·L -1 ·h ±1 73.4 μg·L -1 ·h,P<0.05 )between the two groups.Conclusion SH could significantly inhibit the elimination of DM,the substrate of CYP2D1 /2 in rats.